The Howard Journal of Criminal JusticeThe Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, first published in 1921, is a fully peer-reviewed, international, social science journal concerned with all major aspects of the criminal justice process, penal policy and crime prevention, and how a range of historic and contemporary pressures have shaped, and continue to influence, this criminological territory. The journal is editorially independent of, but proud to be associated with, the values of The Howard League for Penal Reform - the oldest penal reform organisation in the World.